The Torn. E. b was the radio foot soldier of the Wehrmacht. Produced in very large quantities by the Telefunken firm, this direct-amplification receiver was robust and could be quickly fixed in the field. The Torn. E. b was produced in three versions, the 1935 version (with the feedback dial) and the 1943 version (without the feedback dial), and the mid-1944 version (with integrated console control labels). Starting in 1943, Germany started losing the war, and began material and labor conservation efforts. Materials such as aluminum and steel were replaced with dark gray and heavy zinc alloys. This made the 1943 Torn. E. b significantly heavier than its predecessor. The mid-1944 version of the Torn. E. b had all control console labels integrated with the front console plate, so it could be stamped in one manufacturing step. The Torn. E. b came with an accessory case which contained a combination of the anode and the filament batteries, or an E.W.b. power supply which converts 12 volts to 90 volts to simulate the anode battery.